unsustainable growth

GASUNIE: BIGDEAL 1963!

Unsustainable Growth

By Gwynne Dyer 12 February 2006

It's exactly the sort of document that an American think-tank would have produced in the year 1900, if they had had think-tanks in 1900.

This time it's the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the leading research institute in the world's most populous country, and the document is called China Modernisation Report 2006.

That imaginary American think-tank of a century ago would certainly have predicted massive urbanisation and far higher incomes in the United States by 1950, because those trends were already well established at the time. It might not have forecast that half the American population would
own automobiles by 1950, let alone that tens of millions of Americans could afford to travel abroad by then, but a bold forecaster might have done so. And when it all came true, nothing terrible happened as a result.

This time the predictions won't come true, because terrible things will start to happen long before 2050. This is deeply unfair, because all China wants for its citizens is the same lifestyle that most Western countries had achieved by 1950. But they got away with it because they were the first countries to industrialise, and China won't because it is so
big and because it has come so late to the game.

The report, published on 9 February, glows with enthusiasm for the predicted rise in Chinese incomes (tenfold by 2050, to $1300 a month), for the 500 million peasants who will move to the cities, for the 600 million city-dwellers who will move out into hi-tech suburban homes. Half China's people will own their own cars and be able to afford overseas travel, the report predicts. But I don't think so.

The Chinese people deserve prosperity, and they have waited too long for it, but they cannot have it in the classic Western style. Take the cars alone. Within a decade, China will be the second-largest automobile manufacturer on the planet -- but for half the Chinese population to own cars, the world's total stock of motor vehicles must almost double. For half of Indians and Brazilians and Russians also to own cars (and all these countries have similar expectations), the car population of the planet must triple.

It doesn't work at the local level (nine of the world's ten most
polluted cities are already in China), and it doesn't work at the global level. It is taboo to say so outside of scientific and environmental circles, because the rapid growth of the Chinese and Indian economies is now the main motor driving world economic growth, but it cannot go on like this.

At the beginning of the Second World War the world had two billion people, of whom about one-quarter lived in industrialised countries -- but few of them owned cars, or ran air-conditioners, or travelled abroad. Forty years later there were four billion people. Those who lived in fully industrialised societies by now consumed far more energy and produced far
more waste, as a "modern" lifestyle now included cars, meat in most meals, electrical appliances galore and, for many people, foreign travel, but they were still only a quarter of the population. Total human pressure on the environment? Up fivefold or sixfold in forty years.

Now we have six and a half billion people, and we are still running at a quarter of the human race living in developed countries, so the pressure on the environment is around ten times what it was in 1940. But the predicted development of China by 2050 (and the comparable growth of India, Brazil and Russia) will raise the share of the human race living in high-consumption industrial economies to over half of the global population which will exceed eight billion by that time. Total human pressure on the environment: perhaps twenty-five times higher in a single century.

It's China's turn, and it's monstrously unfair that it cannot just
follow the same development path that Britain first carved in the late 1800s, and all the rest of the West followed in the1900s. But it can't. You cannot get away with that style of development any more when the world is already as damaged as it is now.

The most frightening map I have ever seen is one published in James Lovelock's new book, Revenge of Gaia, that shows what proportion of the Earth's surface would remain suitable for agriculture if the average global temperature went up by 5 degrees C (9 degrees F). None of China is habitable (above desert population densities) except Manchuria. None of India makes it either, except the foothills of the Himalayas, and none of the United States except the Pacific Northwest.

That is a completely unacceptable outcome of headlong
"modernisation" in the old style, so the China Modernisation Report 2006 is just a fantasy. Somewhere between now and the future it envisages for 2050, the negative consequences of continuing down the present path will become so large and undeniable that the current pattern of development will
be abandoned. It may not be abandoned soon enough to avoid terrible consequences for China and the world, but the day will never arrive when half of China's population owns cars.

On the other hand, the day MUST arrive when China's people (and India's and Brazil's and Indonesia's) live as well as Americans, or else there will be hell to pay. So the day may well arrive when more than half of all Americans don't own cars either. The future, as usual, is not going to be like the present.

Gwynne Dyer is a London-based independent journalist whose articlesare published in 45 countries.

DR. Bob Willard, December 7, 2006.

Turning Green into Gold: The Business Advantage of Becoming Sustainable

“The benefits are there for the taking. Smart executives will take them before their competitors do. Companies that lag will be history, trapped in the hoax of perpetual, unsustainable growth. Companies that lead will win.”

– Bob Willard, leading expert on the business value of corporate sustainability strategies and author of ‘The Sustainability Advantage: Seven Business Case Benefits of a Triple Bottom Line’ and ‘The Next Sustainability Wave’.

The Karlskrona Dialogues, the public outreach programme of the Master’s of Strategic Leadership Towards Sustainability programme at Blekinge Institute of Technology, was pleased to host the visit of Dr. Bob Willard on December 7, 2006. Dr Willard spoke about the business case for sustainability – ‘turning green into gold’ – and provided ample evidence that taking sustainability seriously provides a competitive advantage.

Drawing on his 34 years of experience at IBM, Dr Willard kept the audience’s attention with witty anecdotes and thoughtful explanation of his research to document the cost savings organisations can make as they become more sustainable. In the process he has completely debunked the myth that sustainability must cost an organization money.

He demonstrated the importance of using ‘business language’ when engaging the business community on sustainability and spoke of a sustainability continuum most organizations follow as they move beyond compliance to integrated approaches to sustainability.

Dr Willard highlighted unsustainability mega trends (e.g. climate change, pollution, energy and water shortages) and a chorus of new voices paying heed to them (e.g. insurance companies and institutional investors) as drivers for businesses to take action or face oblivion. His explanation of the ‘corporate value iceberg’ showed how more than ever organizations are dependent on intangibles such as stakeholder perceptions of the organization, and the need to turn these ‘submerged’ risks into tangible opportunities above the water line through the ‘sustainability advantage’.

Masters students from the Strategic Leadership Towards Sustainability programme were privileged to engage in two days of inspiring discussion with Dr Willard during his visit to Karlskrona, and the class made good use of his expertise on the subjects of building the sustainability business case, leadership and change management.

For more information about other events in the series visit: www.bth.se/dialog